On Wednesday, Cuba's National Director of Epidemiology, Francisco Durán, issued a warning regarding an increase in severe dengue cases, with eight patients currently in intensive care units. Of these, seven are in serious condition while one is critical. During a national television broadcast, Durán highlighted that recent rainfall, high mosquito infestation, and the accumulation of garbage and water in household containers have worsened the situation.
He noted that eight provinces are experiencing dengue transmission, impacting 10 municipalities and 10 healthcare areas, with Sancti Spíritus joining the list with its Trinidad municipality. Durán emphasized that unlike other arboviruses, dengue presents a higher clinical risk. Therefore, individuals experiencing fever or related symptoms should promptly seek medical attention, and those at risk should be hospitalized for close monitoring.
Vector Infestation and Health Risks
The epidemic is compounded by some of the highest levels of mosquito infestation seen in recent days, particularly in provinces like Guantánamo, Santiago de Cuba, and Sancti Spíritus. Durán warned, "There is a high mosquito infestation due to intense rainfall and garbage accumulation. A mosquito can breed even in a bottle cap," urging the elimination of breeding sites around homes and rooftops.
As consultations for fever rise, Durán pointed out the circulation of other arboviruses:
- Oropouche: Currently spreading in 11 provinces, 23 municipalities, and 28 healthcare areas, with a generally milder clinical presentation. Nevertheless, he stressed the importance of early consultation for diagnosis and risk assessment.
- Chikungunya: Detected this year in Perico, Matanzas, the transmission remains localized but active.
- Respiratory viruses (including influenza): These follow an endemic pattern, and while diarrheal cases have not increased compared to previous years, a "risk group" has been identified.
Preventive Measures and Public Health Campaigns
In terms of prevention, Durán explained that the flu vaccine is already being administered to children. In October, Cuba will launch its first-ever vaccination campaign against HPV for fourth-grade girls (aged 9) as a measure to prevent cervical cancer. The MINSAP official recommended eliminating water and waste deposits that facilitate mosquito breeding. He also urged immediate medical consultation for symptoms like fever, myalgia, and rash, which are consistent with dengue.
Durán advised prioritizing hospital admission for at-risk groups, including young children, pregnant women, the elderly, and patients with comorbidities. With the increase in severe dengue cases and widespread Oropouche transmission, the country faces a phase that necessitates stringent vector control and early medical consultations to avert complications.
Earlier this month, a child named Yoel died due to complications from hemorrhagic dengue, a disease severely affecting several Cuban provinces. The virus's spread is exacerbated by the healthcare system's significant vulnerabilities, including medication shortages, inadequate control of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, and problems accessing clean water.
Understanding the Dengue Crisis in Cuba
What factors are contributing to the dengue outbreak in Cuba?
The outbreak is being fueled by recent rainfall, high mosquito infestation, and the accumulation of garbage and stagnant water, which serve as breeding grounds for mosquitoes.
Which Cuban provinces are most affected by dengue?
The provinces of Guantánamo, Santiago de Cuba, and Sancti Spíritus are among the most severely impacted by high levels of mosquito infestation and dengue transmission.
What preventative measures are recommended against dengue?
Eliminating mosquito breeding sites, seeking early medical consultation for symptoms, and prioritizing the hospitalization of high-risk individuals are crucial steps in prevention.