Florida is once again confronting the threat of Vibrio vulnificus, commonly referred to as the "flesh-eating bacteria." As of 2025, this dangerous bacterium has been responsible for five deaths and 23 confirmed cases, according to health officials.
Impact and Geographical Spread of Infections
The Florida Department of Health has reported fatalities in Bay (2), Broward, Hillsborough, and St. Johns counties. Infections have been confirmed across 16 counties, highlighting the widespread presence of the bacteria in the state's warm, brackish waters.
In 2024, Florida experienced a record with 19 deaths and over 80 cases, which authorities linked to the aftermath of Hurricanes Helene and Milton. These storms caused flooding that created ideal conditions for the bacteria to thrive along coastal areas.
Summer's Lingering Threat
Vibrio vulnificus thrives in warm, shallow marine environments. It can enter the body through open wounds exposed to seawater or by consuming contaminated raw shellfish, particularly oysters. Initial symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and chills.
In severe cases, skin infections can lead to lesions, ulcers, and necrosis, sometimes necessitating amputations. The rapid progression of the bacteria can also result in septic shock and death if not treated promptly.
Infectious disease experts warn that individuals with chronic conditions like diabetes or liver disease, as well as those with weakened immune systems, are particularly susceptible to severe complications.
Precautionary Measures and Advice
Despite its rarity, the high lethality of this infection demands caution. The Florida Department of Health and the CDC recommend:
- Avoid swimming in salt or brackish water with open or recent wounds.
- Refrain from eating raw oysters and shellfish.
- Immediately clean any wound that has been exposed to seawater.
- Wear protective gloves when handling raw shellfish.
- Seek medical attention immediately if suspicious symptoms arise.
Experts emphasize that physicians should maintain a "high clinical suspicion" when treating patients with severe gastrointestinal symptoms or rapidly progressing infections following marine exposure.
Increased Risk Post-Storms and Hurricanes
Specialists agree that extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, heighten the risk of infections due to flooding and the overflow of contaminated waters. Following Hurricane Milton last year, state authorities issued special alerts regarding the bacteria, which has also been found in sargassum and floating microplastics in the Gulf of Mexico, compounding environmental risks.
A study conducted in 2023 by Florida Atlantic University revealed that the bacteria can adhere to marine algae and plastic debris, creating a "perfect pathogenic storm" with potential implications for both marine life and human health.
Ongoing Public Health Concern
While the bacteria is not transmitted from person to person, the surge in cases within just half a year is alarming to authorities, especially with the high temperatures and influx of tourists to Florida's beaches increasing exposure risks.
Given recent events and the confirmation of new deaths in 2025, experts stress that epidemiological surveillance and preventive measures will be crucial in preventing further fatalities from the "flesh-eating bacteria" in Florida for the remainder of the year.
Understanding the Risks of Vibrio vulnificus in Florida
What conditions favor the spread of Vibrio vulnificus?
Vibrio vulnificus thrives in warm, shallow marine waters, especially after flooding from storms or hurricanes, which create the ideal conditions for its proliferation.
How can I protect myself from Vibrio vulnificus?
Avoid swimming with open wounds, refrain from eating raw shellfish, and seek immediate medical attention if you show symptoms after exposure to marine environments.
Who is most at risk from Vibrio vulnificus infection?
Individuals with chronic illnesses such as diabetes or liver disease and those with weakened immune systems are particularly vulnerable to severe complications.