The origin of Havana's name is shrouded in tales of legends, indigenous roots, and linguistic transformations. While multiple theories exist, the most widely accepted one suggests that the name is derived from Chief Habaguanex, a Taíno leader who ruled the area where the first Spanish settlement was established. Habaguanex was a significant figure among the native populations in western Cuba, and the Spanish colonizers adopted his name for the town they founded in 1514, which was later moved to its current location in 1519.
This theory, endorsed by several historians such as the late Eusebio Leal, directly links the city's identity to its Taíno heritage. Alternative, less popular explanations propose that "Havana" might stem from the Taíno word "sabana," pronounced "jabana" in Arawakan dialects. Others have argued that the name has Germanic roots, originating from the word "haven," which means port.
Moreover, there is a legendary interpretation from Arawak origins, where the term "abana" translates to "she is crazy," referring to a native woman named Guara. In terms of the written form of the name, Cuban historian Emilio Roig de Leuchsenring documented that for more than two centuries, it was common to write Havana or Hauana, as seen in the records of the Cabildo and works like Bartolomé de Las Casas' "A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies."
It wasn't until 1798 that the use of "Habana" with a "b" began to gain traction in Cuban documents, and by 1821, this form had become fully established, permanently replacing the previous versions. Beyond the spelling, the name Havana preserves its indigenous roots, with Habaguanex standing as a symbol of the enduring living history embedded in the identity of Cuba's capital city.
Understanding the Origins of Havana's Name
Who was Chief Habaguanex?
Chief Habaguanex was a Taíno leader who governed the region where the Spanish founded their initial settlement in what is now Havana, Cuba. His name is believed to be the origin of the city's name.
How did the spelling of Havana change over time?
For over two centuries, the name was commonly written as Havana or Hauana, as found in historical documents. The spelling "Habana" with a "b" began to be used more frequently starting in 1798, and it became the standard form by 1821.
What are some alternative theories about the origin of Havana's name?
Other theories suggest that "Havana" might come from the Taíno word "sabana," pronounced "jabana" in certain dialects. There are also claims of Germanic roots from the word "haven," meaning port, and a legendary story involving a woman named Guara with the Arawak term "abana."